The conception of human life and the propagation of the species has long been a subject of curiosity in all civilizations. Although much is now known about the biology of reproduction, a great deal remains to be discovered about the diseases and disorders that can damage the reproductive system. Ethical concerns surrounding the issues of birth control and abortion have also provoked much discussion in recent times. This comprehensive narrative details both the biological process of procreation and the often divisive debates on how best to approach matters related to the human body.